History of Jammu Kashmir (जम्मू कश्मीर का इतिहास) | विस्तार पूर्वक हिंदी में

Information about History of Jammu Kashmir

The biggest reason for dispute between India and Pakistan is Kashmir, India celebrates its right on it and Pakistan accepts its right on it, for this till now Pakistan has attacked India four times, in these four wars Pakistan has suffered a lot. India has been badly defeated, but even after this the problem has not been solved. A proxy war is still being waged by Pakistan, to which the Indian Army is giving a befitting reply. But no conclusion has been reached yet. Information about the history of Jammu and Kashmir is being given on this page.

Jammu Kashmir Ancient History

Information about the ancient history of Jammu and Kashmir is obtained from Rajtarangini written by Kalhan. This book was written in the 12th century AD. According to this, Kashmir was a Hindu state at that time. It was part of the empire of the great ruler of India “Ashoka the Great”. Ashoka ruled here in the third century. Buddhism was propagated in this state during the time of Ashoka. After Ashoka, the Kushans took control of Kashmir. In the sixth century, Maharaj Vikramaditya of Ujjain had taken control over it. After Vikramaditya, this rule came under Lalitaditya, he ruled it from 697 AD to 738 AD. Avantivarman was declared the successor of Lalitaditya.

Avantivarman built Avantipur near Srinagar, after which Avantivarman made it his capital. At that time it was a famous city whose remains are still available today. Here the remains of Ganpatyar and Kheer Bhavani temples of Mahabharata era are found. Manuscripts have been found in Gilgit, which are written in Pali language, in which information about Buddhism is given. Trikha Shastra was composed in Kashmir only.

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Muslim civilization arrivedhere in the fourteenth century.At this time, Sufi saints also came here from Persia along with Muslim rulers. Due to this, a confluence of Rishi tradition, Trikha Shastra and Sufi Islam can be seen here. There was no fundamentalism seen anywhere in it, this is what has been called Kashmiriyat of Kashmir.

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middle period

After the arrival of Muslim civilization in India, Kashmir became part of the Mughal Empire in 1589. At this time there was the rule of Mughal emperor Akbar the Great. Akbar is known as a great ruler for establishing Hindu-Muslim unity. After the Mughal Empire, Kashmir was captured by the Pathans. At this time no development of any kind was done in Kashmir. In the year 1814, the ruler of Punjab, Maharaja Ranjit Singh, defeated the Pathans and established the Sikh Empire there.

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modern period

In modern times, there was a war between the British and the Sikhs in which the Sikhs had to face defeat. As a result of this defeat, Lahore Treaty was signed. According to which Gulab Singh was made the independent ruler of Kashmir. The area of Gilgit remained under the British. Gilgit region was considered outside Kashmir. After Maharaja Gulab Singh, his elder grandson Maharaja Hari Singh became the king of Kashmir in 1925 AD. He ruled Kashmir till 1947 AD.

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India and Pakistan Partition

India was granted independence in the year 1947 through the Cabinet Mission . Most unfortunately, approval was given to separate India from Pakistan. After which all the princely states were given the freedom to join India or Pakistan as per their wish. Kashmir wanted to remain independent, hence it neither joined India nor Pakistan. At that time, the king of Kashmir was Hari Singh.

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Pakistan’s attempt to capture Kashmir

Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir at any cost, but due to British influence it could not come out openly. Pakistan cut off the supply system of Kashmir. Pakistan believed that by this Maharaja Hari Singh would give permission to meet in Pakistan, but he did not approve it.

After this, Pakistan instigated the Pathans there and provided them resources to attack in Kashmir. On Jinnah’s orders, on 20 October 1947, Pakistani army was sent to Kashmir in the guise of tribal robbers. After which the situation in Kashmir became very bad and Pakistan Army started looting and killing there. Frightened by this situation, Maharaja Hari Singh sought help from India.

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Sign the Merger Letter

India set the condition of merger with India from Maharaja Hari Singh, after which Maharaja Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on 26 October 1947. Only three subjects were mentioned in this Instrument of Accession, which is considered to be the root of further dispute, According to which Kashmir’s defence, foreign affairs and communications were put under India. Apart from this, other matters were kept with Kashmir.

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Pakistan Occupied Kashmir ( POK)

Pakistan Occupied Kashmir (POK) is the northern part of Kashmir. Pakistan had captured this part by attacking it in 1947. Due to India taking this issue to the United Nations , action could not be taken on it. Pakistan divided it administratively into two parts, the first part was called Azad Jammu-O-Kashmir and the second part was called Gilgit-Baltistan.

In Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, the head of administration is the President , but practically his powers are exercised by the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister runs the administration through a Council of Ministers. But actually the administration here runs on the guidelines of Pakistan. The capital of Azad Kashmir is Muzaffarabad and it consists of 8 districts, 19 tehsils and 182 union councils.

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POK Current President and Prime Minister

The President of Pakistan Occupied Kashmir is Masood Khan and the Prime Minister is Raja Farooq Haider Khan. A government has been formed in PoK for show, but it is run by the Central Government of Pakistan. Terrorist activities are planned in this area, so that India can be attacked. Actually this area is administered by Pakistani Army, which promotes terrorist activities against India.